Iphothifoliyo Yezimakethe Zamasheya: Umhlahlandlela ophelele 

Ukuze uzuze ukusebenza okungcono emakethe yamasheya, kufanele wakhe iphothifoliyo yesitoko elinganayo futhi ehlukahlukene. Udinga futhi ukunakekela izici ezehlukene zezimali (intela, izimali ezikhokhwayo, imithethonqubo) ezixhumene nayo. Thola kulo mhlahlandlela ukuthi ungakha kanjani iphothifoliyo yesitoko sakho.

Iyini i-Stock Portfolio? - Incazelo

Iphothifoliyo yesitoko iqoqo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezezimali eliphethwe umtshali-zimali ozimele noma ochwepheshe. Kungase kuhlanganise izitoko, amabhondi, izimpahla, ukheshi nokulingana nemali, okuhlanganisa izimali ezivaliwe kanye nezikhwama ezihweba ngokuhwebelana (ETFs).

TOP 4 Best Brokers Ukudala I-Stock Portfolio

Indlela yokwakha iphothifoliyo yesitoko?

Isinyathelo esinconyiwe sabaqalayo: prakthiza!

Ngaphambi kokuthi uzinikele, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuthi uzijwayeze nemakethe yamasheya ngokuvula a iphothifoliyo yesitoko esibonakalayo ou i-akhawunti yedemo Lokhu kuthatha amasekhondi angu-30 nje. Eqinisweni, unikezwa i-akhawunti yamahhala uma ubhalisa. Awukhokhi lutho; udinga nje ukuchofoza okuthi "Dala i-akhawunti" bese ulandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokukhetha eyakho usinki kanye nenani elibonakalayo elikufanele. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-virtual ngu-$100.

Izeluleko zokuthi ungawakha kanjani iphothifoliyo yesitoko sakho?

1. Ukuba neqhinga lokutshala imali kubalulekile. Kufanele uqale uchaze isu lesikhathi eside noma lesikhashana, kuye ngezinga lobungozi ozimisele ukubuthatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kwakho imali eyinhloko akufanele kube okungahleliwe, kodwa kunalokho kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela. Lokhu kusho ukutshala imali ongeke uzisole ngayo.
2. Khetha imali oyitshalile ngokuya ngokubekezelela kwakho ubungozi. Ngemva kokuvula i-akhawunti yomthengisi, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngezimpahla zangempela ezikhethwe ngokucophelela. Khetha izimpahla nezibambiso ezizokuvumela ukuthi uthobele isu lakho lokwabiwa kwempahla. Khumbula ukuhlaziya ikhwalithi namandla empahla ngayinye otshala kuyo.
3. Nquma isabelo sempahla esingcono kakhulu sakho. Ukwabiwa kwempahla yindlela iphothifoliyo esabalaliswa ngayo futhi kuncike kakhulu ekubekezeleleni ubungozi.
4. Linganisa kabusha iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali njengoba kudingeka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwabiwa kwempahla yakho kungase kungafaneleki, njengoba inani lesitoko esisodwa lingakhuphuka futhi liphazamise iphothifoliyo yakho. Ukulinganisa kabusha kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise isilinganiso sephothifoliyo yesitoko sakho ukuze uphathwe kangcono.

Ukuze uthole i-akhawunti yesitoko, kubalulekile ukudala i-akhawunti yezibambiso. Nakuba ingekho indlela eyodwa yokutshala imali. Ukwakha iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali esebenza kahle kuhlale kuhilela ukuchaza ngokucacile imigomo yakho yezezimali.

Izinhlobo zama-Stock Portfolio

Iphothifoliyo evamile yakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi kube nokwabiwa kwempahla okulinganiselwe okucabangela ubungozi bokuguquguquka nokuseshwa kwenzuzo. Lokhu kucabangela ubude besikhathi esilindelekile sokubekwa.Izibonelo zifaka:

• Iphothifoliyo enolaka: lokhu kubandakanya ukuthatha ubungozi obukhulu ekufuneni imbuyiselo ephezulu. Amasheya ayo ahlangabezana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo uma kuqhathaniswa nemakethe iyonke.
• Iphothifoliyo yokuqagela: Iphothifoliyo yokuqagela iyona eseduze kakhulu nokugembula. Kubandakanya ukuthatha ubungozi obuningi kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo. Kuwukukhetha okudinga ucwaningo oluningi ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Iphinde ifune umsebenzi omningi.
• Iphothifoliyo eyingxubevange: ukwakha iphothifoliyo kudinga ukungena kolunye utshalomali olufana namabhondi, impahla, izindlu, kanye nobuciko. Inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Iphothifoliyo eyingxube ihlanganisa izitoko namabhondi ngezilinganiso ezilinganiselwe ezilinganiselwe, ihlinzeka ngokuhlukahluka kuzo zonke izigaba zamafa amaningi.
• Iphothifoliyo yokuzivikela: Amasheya okuzivikela avaleleke ngokuqhathaniswa nokunyakaza okukhulu kwemakethe. Bazwela umjikelezo wezomnotho oyisisekelo. Isici sabo esiyinhloko yikhono labo lokwenza kahle ezikhathini ezinzima neziphumelelayo.

• Iphothifoliyo yemali engenayo: Iphothifoliyo yemali engenayo igxile ekutshalweni kwezimali okukhiqiza imali ngezabelo noma ezinye izinhlobo zokusatshalaliswa kwababambe iqhaza. Ngamanye amazwi, igxile ekwabiweni kwabaninimasheya.

Ukuphathwa kwephothifoliyo yesitoko

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuphathwa kwephothifoliyo:

• Ukuphatha komuntu ngamunye: lokhu kuhilela ukuphatha impahla yomuntu siqu yezezimali. Ilungele abantu abanolwazi oluthile lwangaphambilini. Ukuthola amakhono adingekayo ekuphathweni kwephothifoliyo ezimele ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti ye-virtual brokerage.
• Ukuphatha okusizwayo: lokhu kulungele labo abangenaso isikhathi, ulwazi, noma isifiso sakho. Kubandakanya ukuqasha uchwepheshe ozokweseka.

Ukuphatha okusekelwe kungenziwa ngezindlela ezi-3:

• Ukuphathwa kokweluleka: uyazuza eselulekweni sochwepheshe ozinikele kuphothifoliyo yakho.
• Amaphothifoliyo aphethwe: uphathisa uchwepheshe ukuphatha konke noma ingxenye yephothifoliyo yakho, ngokuya ngendlela enqunywe kusengaphambili [ukuzivikela, okuhlaselayo, njll.], futhi umphathi angakwazi ukuzithengela noma azidayisele izinqumo ngokwezinjongo ezibekiwe.
• Ama-akhawunti aphethwe: umphathi ogunyaziwe uphatha ukuphathwa okuphelele kwephothifoliyo yakho ngemali ekhokhwayo, ngokuhlonipha isilinganiso sembuyiselo/yengozi oyinqumile.

Ukuhlukahluka kwephothifoliyo yesitoko

Ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho kusho ukutshala izimpahla eziningi ezahlukene. Esikhathini se-boom, kunzima ukuthengisa isitoko ngemali engaphansi kwenani esithengwe ngalo. Kodwa-ke, akukho bungozi obukhona; noma ngasiphi isikhathi ungabhekana nokuntengantenga kwemakethe, ngakho kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho.

Iyini iphuzu lokwehlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho yesitoko?

Iyini iphuzu lokuhlukahluka?

KuWarren Buffet odumile, abantu bavame ukwenza amaphutha ngokuya kwesikhathi, ngoba benza okulungile ngesikhathi esingafanele.

Isibonelo, bazothenga indlu ngaphambi kokuphahlazeka.

Izikhathi zobunzima azinakugwenywa ezimakethe zezimali. Ngakho-ke kufanele ukulungiselele futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho.

Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwamukela kangcono ubungozi ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona emakethe yamabhere, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzihlomise ngezimpahla ezimbalwa ezahlukene. 

Ngakho-ke kuyisu lokuphatha elihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlukene kwiphothifoliyo. Ukukubeka kalula, kufanele ugweme ukubeka amaqanda akho kubhasikidi owodwa.

Ukuze ufanekise kangcono, nansi a isibonelo sokuhlukahluka kwephothifoliyo yesitoko ye-ejenti yezomnotho ekhethe ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yayo emikhakheni emi-4 yomsebenzi: ezobuchwepheshe, amabhange, ezezimoto kanye nezimpahla zabathengi.

Ngakho-ke usabalalisa ama-euro angama-3000 ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Amasheya angama-300 we-Tesla ngama-euro ayi-1 (= 000% wephothifoliyo)
• Amasheya angu-400 e-Google ngama-euro angu-1 (= 200% wephothifoliyo)
• Amasheya angama-200 e-BNP Paribas ngama-euro angama-500 (= 17% wephothifoliyo)
• Izabelo eziyi-100 zeCarrefours ngama-euro angama-300 (= 10% wephothifoliyo)

Izinhlobo ze-Stock Portfolio Diversification

• Ukwehlukahlukana kuyo yonke imikhakha: Ukutshala imali emikhakheni eyahlukene kusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuntengantenga kwezimakethe. Ngaphandle uma ukhetha ama-akhawunti aphethwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umkhakha ngamunye ohlose ukuwutshala kuwo usebenza kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenhlekelele, imikhiqizo yokudla ayivami ukuwa, kanjalo nomkhakha wemithi. Ukuhlukahluka komkhakha kukuvumela ukuthi ukhawulele ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwemakethe.
• Ukuhlukahluka kwendawo: lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpahla zakho zisabalele ezifundeni ezimbalwa zomhlabaIningi labatshalizimali litshala ezinkampanini ezisemazweni abo futhi bambalwa kakhulu abatshala imali phesheya. Njengoba nje kunezingozi ezithile ezihlobene nesitoko esisodwa, zikhona futhi izingozi eziqondene nezwe elilodwa. Sinezinkomba eziningi namuhla, njenge-CAC 40, i-Dow Jones, ne-Nasdaq. Kodwa ngo-2011, isibonelo, i-CAC 40 yalahlekelwa u-15% yenani layo kuyilapho ezinye izinkomba zilokhu zizinzile.
• Ukutshala imali kumakilasi amafa amaningi: ngeke wazi kusenesikhathi ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sempahla esizokwenza kahle. Kungakho udinga ukuhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yakho namabhondi, amasheya, izindlu, njll.

Ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo enhle kuzoncika kakhulu emakilasini ezimpahla.

Eminye imikhawulo yokuhlukahluka kwephothifoliyo yesitoko?

Ukuhlukahluka kubalulekile ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi ube nempahla ehlobene kabi. Kodwa-ke, kunciphisa ukunaka komhwebi futhi akumvumeli ukuthi azuze okuningi ezikhundleni zakhe. Kuzoncika kufilosofi yesikhathi kanye nomkhathizwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Buyela kuphothifoliyo yesitoko

Ithiyori yephothifoliyo yesimanje iyona enikeza ukwabiwa kwempahla okungcono kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, inikeza inzuzo engcono kakhulu yezinga elincane lobungozi. Kodwa uma sikhuluma nje, inzuzo izoncika kakhulu kumphathi wakho uma ubeke iphothifoliyo yakho kumphathi nakuwe uqobo uma ungumphathi.

Ukusebenza kuzophinde kuncike kumibandela efana neminyaka, izimpahla, iphrofayela (enolaka noma elandelanayo) kanye nohlobo lwemakethe (oluqinile, olune-bearish noma ububanzi). Kodwa futhi ukuhlukahluka kwakho nolwazi lwakho lwezibalo ezithile zezimali.

Isiphetho

Ekugcineni, kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha iphothifoliyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhumbule ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kwakho ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Akwanele ukumane ubambe izibambiso zesigaba sempahla ngasinye.

Njengoba uthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho, khumbula ukuthi ukuguquguquka nokungaqiniseki kungaba amathuba kunokuba kube izithiyo ekutshaleni imali. Isu elihle lokutshala izimali licabangela lezi zikhathi ukuze ukwazi ukwakha ingcebo.

Iyini i-Stock Portfolio?

Iphothifoliyo iqoqo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezezimali okufana namasheya, amabhondi, izimpahla, ukheshi nokulingana nokheshi, okufaka phakathi ama-mutual funds nama-ETF.

❓Yini i-Stock Portfolio Management?

Ukuphathwa kwephothifoliyo kuhilela ukukhetha nokwengamela iqoqo lokutshalwa kwezimali elihlangabezana nezinjongo zezezimali zesikhathi eside zekhasimende kanye nokubekezelela ubungozi.

Kuyini Ukubekezelela Ngobungozi?

Ukubekezelela ubungozi yizinga lokuhlukahluka kwezinzuzo zokutshala izimali umuntu azimisele ukukuthwala. Lesi yisici okufanele sinakwe ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Liyini Ikilasi Lezimpahla Eziningi?

Ukutshala imali ezigabeni eziningi zempahla kunciphisa ubungozi ngokusabalalisa imali kuzo zonke izitoko, amabhondi, noma ezinye izimpahla.